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East Africa: Egypt challenged by the Nile basin States
The department head at Al-Ahram Center, Hani Raslan, has declared: “Egypt has been depending on the Nile waters for thousands of years”, and “Nobody can restrict or limit the use of the Nile waters by Egypt, which are protected by the international law”. But Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya have another opinion, as it stands out from the new Nile water treaty they elaborated during a meeting in May at Entebbe, in Uganda.
In April, the representatives of the nine States of the Nile basin including Burundi, DRC, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda – met in Egypt to reach a mutually acceptable agreement on the sharing of the Nil waters, but in vain.
At present, Egypt has the right to use 55,5 billion cubic meters of waters a year, whereas Sudan benefits from an annual quota of 18,5 billion cubic meters. And No big project, such as dams or irrigation works, can be undertaken in the upstream countries without the express authorisation of Egypt and Sudan.
That is why these upstream States are accusing Egypt and Sudan of trying to maintain a disloyal monopoly on the river, dating from the colonial period. The Seven countries have made a common declaration, stating a new fairer agreement – with or without Egypt and Sudan.
Rwandan Minister for the Environment, Stanislas Kamanzi, has declared: “we have been negotiating for more than ten years, so we are short of time and cannot wait…”